Paralysis that effects one side of the body. Muscular Dystrophy Canada’s neuromuscular disorders web page. Kinesiologists work in a variety of settings that assist people with pain management, injury prevention, and health promotion through biomechanics (College of Kinesiologists of Ontario, n.d.). Muscular System Pathologies: Common Disorders and Conditions Muscles allow us to move, but sometimes the wear and tear that comes from moving our bodies can lead to disorders of the muscular system. [Return to Figure 17.2]. Skeletal muscles also protect internal organs (particularly abdominal and pelvic organs) by acting as an external barrier or shield to external trauma and by supporting the weight of the organs. Skeletal muscles contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the body by generating heat.  This heat is very noticeable during exercise, when sustained muscle movement causes body temperature to rise, and in cases of extreme cold, when shivering produces random skeletal muscle contractions to generate heat. Electrodes, either attached to the skin or inserted into the muscle, allow for the recording of electrical impulses. Electromyography (EMG) test: Diagnosing nerve and muscle injuries. The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle and the heart is the hardest working muscle. Tools. This sequence of relaxation and contraction is influenced by the nervous system.Â. moving in a circle at a joint, or moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary for example swinging arm in a circle. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Part I: Muscular System. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (From Sorrentino SA: Mosby’s textbook for nursing assistants, ed 7, St. Louis, 2008, Mosby.) Small, constant adjustments of the skeletal muscles are needed to hold a body upright or balanced in any position. Click on prefixes, combining forms, and suffixes to reveal a list of word parts to memorize for the Muscular System. 4). Muscular System Medical Terms Anatomy (Structures) of the Muscular System Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and it is made up of specialized cells called fibers. Understanding a Muscle Name from the Latin. Depending on the area of the brain that is affected, signs and symptoms will vary in the type and severity between individuals. Your … The skeletal system also provides an important form of attachments to the muscular system.Bones and exoskeletons are hard and do not bend or move when muscles are flexed. (2018, August). Skeletal muscles act not only to produce movement but also to stop movement, such as resisting gravity to maintain posture. Measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle. The following abbreviations are used: F., French; G., Greek; L., Latin; and ME., Middle English. Cardiac (involuntary striated) muscle has branching fibers and forms most of the wall of the heart. The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles can be completely autonomous. Smooth muscle is mainly associated with the walls of internal organs. (n.d.). is a diagnostic procedures used to determine the amount of movement around a specific joint. biological process that results in stable equilibrium. A transition syllable or vowel may be added to or deleted from the word parts to make the combining form. Cardiac muscle tissue: Striated, in… abduct: move away from midline in the sagittal plane, abductor digiti minimi: muscle that abducts the little finger, abductor pollicis brevis: muscle that abducts the thumb, abductor pollicis longus: muscle that inserts into the first metacarpal, abductor: moves the bone away from the midline, adductor brevis: muscle that adducts and medially rotates the thigh, adductor longus: muscle that adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh, adductor magnus: muscle with an anterior fascicle that adducts, medially rotates and flexes the thigh, and a posterior fascicle that assists in thigh extension, adductor pollicis: muscle that adducts the thumb, adductor: moves the bone toward the midline, agonist: (also, prime mover) muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing a particular motion, anal triangle: posterior triangle of the perineum that includes the anus, anconeus: small muscle on the lateral posterior elbow that extends the forearm, antagonist: muscle that opposes the action of an agonist, anterior compartment of the arm: (anterior flexor compartment of the arm) the biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves, anterior compartment of the forearm: (anterior flexor compartment of the forearm) deep and superficial muscles that originate on the humerus and insert into the hand, anterior compartment of the leg: region that includes muscles that dorsiflex the foot, anterior compartment of the thigh: region that includes muscles that flex the thigh and extend the leg, anterior scalene: a muscle anterior to the middle scalene, biceps brachii: two-headed muscle that crosses the shoulder and elbow joints to flex the forearm while assisting in supinating it and flexing the arm at the shoulder, bipennate: pennate muscle that has fascicles that are located on both sides of the tendon. This pulls on the tendon on each side of the muscle, causing a force on the bones. The muscles of the proximal leg (r, l), a region within the muscular system’s lower limbs, are a group of muscles in the region between the hip joint and the knee joint—an area commonly called the thigh. About cerebral palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of muscle involvement in genetic muscle diseases: a systematic review. A strain is an injury to a muscle whereby a tendon is stretched or torn. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.There are many different kinds of muscular dystrophy. The class system is alive and well, at least as far as your muscles are concerned. Range of Motion Testing is a diagnostic procedures used to determine the amount of movement around a specific joint. This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a test that uses radio frequency waves and a magnetic field to produce clear images that aid in the diagnosis of a wide range of conditions (London Health Sciences Centre, 2020). The bottom panel shows the posterior view of the human body with the major muscles labeled. Smooth muscle tissue: Muscle that is not striated and not under voluntary control 3. the end of a muscle that moves when it … Canadian Medical Association’s page on Orthopedic Surgery (PDF file). The nervous system provides the link between thoughts and actions by … CMA Specialty Profiles. Electromyography (EMG) is a procedure that assesses the function of nerve cells that control muscles. Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and it is made up of specialized cells called fibers. Here are some examples related to the Muscles. Unless otherwise indicated, this chapter contains material adapted from Anatomy and Physiology (on OpenStax), by Betts, et al. A muscle is always situated between two bones, connected to the bones via tendons, which are fibrous and flexible tissues that can attach to bones. hypothenar eminence: rounded contour of muscle at the base of the little finger. Identifying Word Parts in Medical Terms, 5. Smooth muscle is also present in the eyes, where it functions to change the size of the iris and alter the shape of the lens; and in the skin where it causes hair to stand erect in response to cold temperature or fear. when a muscle attaches to a bone, the end that does not move. The main function of the muscular system is to assist with movement. Balance and coordination are often challenging due the inability to control muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019; Ontario Federation for Cerebral Palsy, 2018). Labels read (from top, head): occipitofrontalis (frontal belly), sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, deltoid, pectorailis minor, serratus anterior, pectoralis major, arm muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, abdomnial: rectus abdominis, abdominal external oblique, lower body: tensor fasciae latae, illiopsoas, penctineus, adductor longus, sartorius, gracilis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vasus medialis, biularis longus, tibialis anterior. Muscles, part 2 – organismal level: Crash course A&P #22 [Video]. Most medical terms are comprised of a root word plus a suffix (word ending) and/or a prefix (beginning of the word). (2018a, August). [sup][12] Leung (2017) notes that there has been increased clinical use in using MRI for the treatment and monitoring of muscular disorders due to the high-quality MRI images that distinguish skeletal muscles from fat (para. There are three classes of muscles: skeletal, visceral, and cardiac. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Topic overview. Below are some of the most common muscular pathologies. Affects both arms, both legs and sometimes from the neck down. To learn more, visit Health Link BC’s Carpal Tunnel web page. Orthopedic Surgeons are medical doctors who complete an additional 5-years of specialized training in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and surgery of disorders and diseases related to the musculoskeletal systems (Canadian Medical Association, 2018). Building a Medical Terminology Foundation, Muscles, Part 2 – Organismal Level: Crash Course A&P #22. (credit: Dmitry Yanchylenko) Start studying Medical Terminology (muscular system). Terminology & Functions of the Muscular System - Chapter Summary. Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Neurologists are medical doctors who complete an additional 5 years of specialized training in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders and conditions related to the brain, spinal cord, nerves and muscles (Canadian Medical Association, 2018a). Information and translations of MUSCULAR SYSTEM in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Compare and contrast the 3 types of muscles tissues. Also known as striated muscles. Biological process that results in stable equilibrium. Broadly considered, human muscle—like the muscles of all vertebrates—is often divided into striated muscle (or skeletal muscle), smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscles are located throughout the body at the openings of internal tracts to control the movement of various substances. the bones and assists with movement.  Contraction is the shortening of the muscle fibers while relaxation lengthens the fibers. But you need to continuously break down and challenge muscles in order to … iliacus: muscle … Together with the skeletal system, it forms the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for movement of the human body. Muscular hypertrophy can be achieved through weightlifting at the gym. Want to learn the anatomy of the muscular system in great detail? To learn more, visit the College of Kinesiologists of Ontario’s website. This basic structure allows muscles to move different parts of the body, using forces … All three muscle tissues have some properties in common; they all exhibit a quality called excitability as their plasma membranes can change their electrical states (from polarized to depolarized) and send an electrical wave called an action potential along the entire length of the membrane. (2020). This is just one test in a series of tests that assist in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2019; Body Restoration, 2020). 1. Skeletal (voluntary striated, meaning striped) muscles, are attached to the skeleton. Define muscular system. The skeletal muscles in your core help protect your spine and help with stability. To learn more please visit Muscular Dystrophy Canada’s neuromuscular disorders web page. This contraction pulls on. To learn more about paralysis, please visit the Cleveland Clinic’s Paralysis information web page. To learn more, please visit the Mayo Clinic’s Electromyography web page. (2015, July 15). Signs and symptoms may include frequent falls and trouble keeping up with peers. Smooth muscle, so named because the cells do not have striations, is present in the walls of hollow organs like the urinary bladder, uterus, stomach, intestines, and in the walls of passageways, such as the arteries and veins of the circulatory system, and the tracts of the respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems. Stability. CMA Specialty Profiles. Media 17.1 Muscles, Part 2 – Organismal Level: Crash Course A&P #22 [Online video]. (2020). Muscular System Medical Terms Anatomy (Structures) of the Muscular System Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and it is made up of specialized cells called fibers. This disease primarily effects boys and signs and symptoms typically present before the age of five. Patients with diseases of skeletal and muscular system, circulatory system, and tumor made up 90.48% of the population, indicating that the diagnosis as well as treatment of those disease categories cost much more higher than that of other disease categories, which meant diagnosing and treating these diseases were more difficult and called for advanced medical technologies in the process. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913, Muscular Dystrophy Canada. The skeleton is covered by layers of skeletal muscle. Mayo Clinic Patient Care and Information. The neuromuscular system includes all the muscles in the body and the nerves serving them. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body. An intercalated disc allows the cardiac muscle cells to contract in a wave-like pattern so that the heart can work as a pump. It pumps blood and gives the heart beat. Symptoms of the most common variety begin in childhood, mostly in boys. In Ontario, a kinesiologist must be registered and in good standing with the College of Kinesiologists of Ontario. 1. Journal of Neurology, 264(7), 1320-1333. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00415-016-8350-6, Mayo Clinic Staff. Start over; Their origin and definition related to Muscles. Skeletal muscle makes up about 40 per cent of body weight. https://www.coko.ca/patients-and-clients/about-kinesiology/, [CrashCourse]. hyoglossus: muscle that originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it. The heart muscle also known as the myocardium. Similar to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is striated and organized into sarcomeres, possessing the same banding organization as skeletal muscle (see Figure 17.1). Skeletal muscles are responsible for voluntary muscle movement. Its contraction produces the heartbeat. What is cerebral palsy? Body Restoration. hypothenar: group of muscles on the medial aspect of the palm. The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/hw213308, Leung, J. Neurology profile. The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscleno post, cardiac muscleno post, and smooth muscleno post (see Figure 17.1). insertion. https://muscle.ca/discover-md/types-of-neuromuscular-disorders/, Ontario Federation for Cerebral Palsy. Glossary of Terms. EMG can indicate functional problems with the peripheral nerves, muscles, or with the signals between the nerves and the muscles. Practicing yoga, as pictured here, is a good example of the voluntary use of the muscular system. Building a Medical Terminology Foundation by Kimberlee Carter and Marie Rutherford is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Learn about the definition and terminology of the muscular system in our video tutorial. The muscles of the thigh are further divided into anterior (r, l), medial (r, … The tongue is made up of many muscles and muscles work in pairs. Paul Andersen Paul Andersen explains the three types of muscle found in humans; striated, smooth and cardiac muscle. brachialis: muscle deep to the biceps brachii that provides power in flexing the forearm. The term "musculoskeletal system" includes two major and different subsystems which are the muscular system and the skeletal system. Smooth muscles are responsible for involuntary muscle movement. Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in the heart. Where in the body do you find each of the muscle types. About Neuromuscular disorders: Duchenne muscular dystrophpy. Its appearance is similar to skeletal muscle. Muscles are how we move and live. Carpal tunnel syndrome may present with pain, numbness or weakness to the hand(s) caused by pressure on the median nerve. Electromyography (EMG). In general, the muscular system has a basic structure which allows muscles to move limbs and create force. The action of each individual cell shortening causes the muscle to shorten as a whole. Medical Language Within the Context of Anatomy and Physiology, 13. Also known as visceral muscles. Muscles also prevent excess movement of the bones and joints, maintaining skeletal stability and preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation. The muscular system is made up of three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue.. Each muscle is attached to two or more bones so that when the muscle contracts (shortens) it produces MOVEMENT. All of our muscles together make up the body's muscular system. (2016, November 25). Canadian Medical Association’s page on Neurology profile (PDF File), the College of Kinesiologists of Ontario’s website, https://bodyrestoration.ca/electromyography-test-edmonton-2/, https://www.cma.ca/sites/default/files/2019-01/orthopedic-surgery-e.pdf, https://www.cma.ca/sites/default/files/2019-01/neurology-e.pdf, https://www.coko.ca/patients-and-clients/about-kinesiology/, https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/hw213308, https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00415-016-8350-6, https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/emg/about/pac-20393913, https://muscle.ca/discover-md/types-of-neuromuscular-disorders/, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, A muscle that moves the little finger or toe away, A muscle that moves the little finger or toe toward, Identify the anatomy of the muscular system, Describe the main functions of the muscular system, Spell the medical terms of the muscular system and use correct abbreviations, Explore common diseases, disorders, and procedures related to the muscular system, Identify the medical specialties associated with the muscular system. CDC. For the purpose of this review, each of these systems will be discussed and explored separately. 2. Cerebral Palsy (CP) is caused by an interruption to the normal development of a person’s brain leading to weakness with muscles. brachioradialis: muscle that can flex the forearm quickly or help lift a load slowly, buccinator: muscle that compresses the cheek, calcaneal tendon: (also, Achilles tendon) strong tendon that inserts into the calcaneal bone of the ankle, caval opening: opening in the diaphragm that allows the inferior vena cava to pass through; foramen for the vena cava, circular: (also, sphincter) fascicles that are concentrically arranged around an opening, compressor urethrae: deep perineal muscle in women, convergent: fascicles that extend over a broad area and converge on a common attachment site, coracobrachialis: muscle that flexes and adducts the arm, corrugator supercilii: prime mover of the eyebrows, deep anterior compartment: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and their associated blood vessels and nerves, deep posterior compartment of the forearm: (deep posterior extensor compartment of the forearm) the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves, deep transverse perineal: deep perineal muscle in men, deltoid: shoulder muscle that abducts the arm as well as flexes and medially rotates it, and extends and laterally rotates it, diaphragm: skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is dome-shaped at rest, digastric: muscle that has anterior and posterior bellies and elevates the hyoid bone and larynx when one swallows; it also depresses the mandible, dorsal group: region that includes the extensor digitorum brevis, dorsal interossei: muscles that abduct and flex the three middle fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend them at the interphalangeal joints, epicranial aponeurosis: (also, galea aponeurosis) flat broad tendon that connects the frontalis and occipitalis, erector spinae group: large muscle mass of the back; primary extensor of the vertebral column, extensor carpi radialis brevis: muscle that extends and abducts the hand at the wrist, extensor carpi ulnaris: muscle that extends and adducts the hand, extensor digiti minimi: muscle that extends the little finger, extensor digitorum brevis: muscle that extends the toes, extensor digitorum longus: muscle that is lateral to the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum: muscle that extends the hand at the wrist and the phalanges, extensor hallucis longus: muscle that is partly deep to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus, extensor indicis: muscle that inserts onto the tendon of the extensor digitorum of the index finger, extensor pollicis brevis: muscle that inserts onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, extensor pollicis longus: muscle that inserts onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb, extensor radialis longus: muscle that extends and abducts the hand at the wrist, extensor retinaculum: band of connective tissue that extends over the dorsal surface of the hand, extensor: muscle that increases the angle at the joint, external intercostal: superficial intercostal muscles that raise the rib cage, external oblique: superficial abdominal muscle with fascicles that extend inferiorly and medially, extrinsic eye muscles: originate outside the eye and insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye, and create eyeball movement, extrinsic muscles of the hand: muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers and originate on the arm, fascicle: muscle fibers bundled by perimysium into a unit, femoral triangle: region formed at the junction between the hip and the leg and includes the pectineus, femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes, fibularis brevis: (also, peroneus brevis) muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints, fibularis longus: (also, peroneus longus) muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints, fibularis tertius: small muscle that is associated with the extensor digitorum longus, fixator: synergist that assists an agonist by preventing or reducing movement at another joint, thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonist, flexion: movement that decreases the angle of a joint, flexor carpi radialis: muscle that flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist, flexor carpi ulnaris: muscle that flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist, flexor digiti minimi brevis: muscle that flexes the little finger, flexor digitorum longus: muscle that flexes the four small toes, flexor digitorum profundus: muscle that flexes the phalanges of the fingers and the hand at the wrist, flexor digitorum superficialis: muscle that flexes the hand and the digits, flexor hallucis longus: muscle that flexes the big toe, flexor pollicis brevis: muscle that flexes the thumb, flexor pollicis longus: muscle that flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb, flexor retinaculum: band of connective tissue that extends over the palmar surface of the hand, flexor: muscle that decreases the angle at the joint, frontalis: front part of the occipitofrontalis muscle, fusiform: muscle that has fascicles that are spindle-shaped to create large bellies, gastrocnemius: most superficial muscle of the calf, genioglossus: muscle that originates on the mandible and allows the tongue to move downward and forward, geniohyoid: muscle that depresses the mandible, and raises and pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly, gluteal group: muscle group that extends, flexes, rotates, adducts, and abducts the femur, gluteus maximus: largest of the gluteus muscles that extends the femur, gluteus medius: muscle deep to the gluteus maximus that abducts the femur at the hip, gluteus minimus: smallest of the gluteal muscles and deep to the gluteus medius, gracilis: muscle that adducts the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee, hamstring group: three long muscles on the back of the leg, hyoglossus: muscle that originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it, hypothenar eminence: rounded contour of muscle at the base of the little finger, hypothenar: group of muscles on the medial aspect of the palm, iliacus: muscle that, along with the psoas major, makes up the iliopsoas, iliococcygeus: muscle that makes up the levator ani along with the pubococcygeus, iliocostalis cervicis: muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the cervical region, iliocostalis group: laterally placed muscles of the erector spinae, iliocostalis lumborum: muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the lumbar region, iliocostalis thoracis: muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the thoracic region, iliopsoas group: muscle group consisting of iliacus and psoas major muscles, that flexes the thigh at the hip, rotates it laterally, and flexes the trunk of the body onto the hip, iliotibial tract: muscle that inserts onto the tibia; made up of the gluteus maximus and connective tissues of the tensor fasciae latae, inferior extensor retinaculum: cruciate ligament of the ankle, inferior gemellus: muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip, infrahyoid muscles: anterior neck muscles that are attached to, and inferior to the hyoid bone, infraspinatus: muscle that laterally rotates the arm, innermost intercostal: the deepest intercostal muscles that draw the ribs together, insertion: end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the structure (usually a bone) that is moved when the muscle contracts, intercostal muscles: muscles that span the spaces between the ribs, internal intercostal: muscles the intermediate intercostal muscles that draw the ribs together, internal oblique: flat, intermediate abdominal muscle with fascicles that run perpendicular to those of the external oblique, intrinsic muscles of the hand: muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers and originate in the palm, ischiococcygeus: muscle that assists the levator ani and pulls the coccyx anteriorly, lateral compartment of the leg: region that includes the fibularis (peroneus) longus and the fibularis (peroneus) brevis and their associated blood vessels and nerves, lateral pterygoid: muscle that moves the mandible from side to side, latissimus dorsi: broad, triangular axial muscle located on the inferior part of the back, levator ani: pelvic muscle that resists intra-abdominal pressure and supports the pelvic viscera, linea alba: white, fibrous band that runs along the midline of the trunk, longissimus capitis: muscle of the longissimus group associated with the head region, longissimus cervicis: muscle of the longissimus group associated with the cervical region, longissimus group: intermediately placed muscles of the erector spinae, longissimus thoracis: muscle of the longissimus group associated with the thoracic region, lumbrical: muscle that flexes each finger at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend each finger at the interphalangeal joints, masseter: main muscle for chewing that elevates the mandible to close the mouth, medial compartment of the thigh: a region that includes the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves, medial pterygoid: muscle that moves the mandible from side to side, middle scalene: longest scalene muscle, located between the anterior and posterior scalenes, multifidus: muscle of the lumbar region that helps extend and laterally flex the vertebral column, multipennate: pennate muscle that has a tendon branching within it, mylohyoid: muscle that lifts the hyoid bone and helps press the tongue to the top of the mouth, obturator externus: muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip, obturator internus: muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip, occipitalis: posterior part of the occipitofrontalis muscle, occipitofrontalis: muscle that makes up the scalp with a frontal belly and an occipital belly, omohyoid: muscle that has superior and inferior bellies and depresses the hyoid bone, opponens digiti minimi: muscle that brings the little finger across the palm to meet the thumb, opponens pollicis: muscle that moves the thumb across the palm to meet another finger, orbicularis oculi: circular muscle that closes the eye, orbicularis oris: circular muscle that moves the lips, origin: end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to another structure (usually a bone) in a fixed position, palatoglossus: muscle that originates on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue, palmar interossei: muscles that abduct and flex each finger at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend each finger at the interphalangeal joints, palmaris longus: muscle that provides weak flexion of the hand at the wrist, parallel: fascicles that extend in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle, patellar ligament: extension of the quadriceps tendon below the patella, pectineus: muscle that abducts and flexes the femur at the hip, pectoral girdle: shoulder girdle, made up of the clavicle and scapula, pectoralis major: thick, fan-shaped axial muscle that covers much of the superior thorax, pectoralis minor: muscle that moves the scapula and assists in inhalation, pelvic diaphragm: muscular sheet that comprises the levator ani and the ischiococcygeus, pelvic girdle: hips, a foundation for the lower limb, pennate: fascicles that are arranged differently based on their angles to the tendon, perineum: diamond-shaped region between the pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities, piriformis: muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip, plantar aponeurosis: muscle that supports the longitudinal arch of the foot, plantar group: four-layered group of intrinsic foot muscles, plantaris: muscle that runs obliquely between the gastrocnemius and the soleus, popliteal fossa: diamond-shaped space at the back of the knee, popliteus: muscle that flexes the leg at the knee and creates the floor of the popliteal fossa, posterior compartment of the leg: region that includes the superficial gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, and the deep popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and tibialis posterior, posterior compartment of the thigh: region that includes muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh, posterior scalene: smallest scalene muscle, located posterior to the middle scalene, prime mover: (also, agonist) principle muscle involved in an action, pronator quadratus: pronator that originates on the ulna and inserts on the radius, pronator teres: pronator that originates on the humerus and inserts on the radius, psoas major: muscle that, along with the iliacus, makes up the iliopsoas, pubococcygeus: muscle that makes up the levator ani along with the iliococcygeus, quadratus femoris: muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip, quadratus lumborum: posterior part of the abdominal wall that helps with posture and stabilization of the body, quadriceps femoris group: four muscles, that extend and stabilize the knee, quadriceps tendon: (also, patellar tendon) tendon common to all four quadriceps muscles, inserts into the patella, rectus abdominis: long, linear muscle that extends along the middle of the trunk, rectus femoris: quadricep muscle on the anterior aspect of the thigh, rectus sheaths: tissue that makes up the linea alba, retinacula: fibrous bands that sheath the tendons at the wrist, rhomboid major: muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae, rhomboid minor: muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae, rotator cuff: (also, musculotendinous cuff) the circle of tendons around the shoulder joint, sartorius: band-like muscle that flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the leg at the hip, scalene muscles: flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head; contribute to deep inhalation, segmental muscle group: interspinales and intertransversarii muscles that bring together the spinous and transverse processes of each consecutive vertebra, semispinalis capitis: transversospinales muscle associated with the head region, semispinalis cervicis: transversospinales muscle associated with the cervical region, semispinalis thoracis: transversospinales muscle associated with the thoracic region, serratus anterior: large and flat muscle that originates on the ribs and inserts onto the scapula, soleus: wide, flat muscle deep to the gastrocnemius, sphincter urethrovaginalis: deep perineal muscle in women, spinalis capitis: muscle of the spinalis group associated with the head region, spinalis cervicis: muscle of the spinalis group associated with the cervical region, spinalis group: medially placed muscles of the erector spinae, spinalis thoracis: muscle of the spinalis group associated with the thoracic region, splenius capitis: neck muscle that inserts into the head region, splenius cervicis: neck muscle that inserts into the cervical region, splenius: posterior neck muscles; includes the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid: major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head, sternohyoid: muscle that depresses the hyoid bone, sternothyroid: muscle that depresses the larynx’s thyroid cartilage, styloglossus: muscle that originates on the styloid bone, and allows upward and backward motion of the tongue, stylohyoid: muscle that elevates the hyoid bone posteriorly, subclavius: muscle that stabilizes the clavicle during movement, subscapularis: muscle that originates on the anterior scapula and medially rotates the arm, superficial anterior compartment of the forearm: flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves, superficial posterior compartment of the forearm: extensor radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and their associated blood vessels and nerves, superior extensor retinaculum: transverse ligament of the ankle, superior gemellus: muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip, supinator: muscle that moves the palm and forearm anteriorly, suprahyoid muscles: neck muscles that are superior to the hyoid bone, supraspinatus: muscle that abducts the arm, synergist: muscle whose contraction helps a prime mover in an action, temporalis: muscle that retracts the mandible, tendinous intersections: three transverse bands of collagen fibers that divide the rectus abdominis into segments, tensor fascia lata: muscle that flexes and abducts the thigh, teres major: muscle that extends the arm and assists in adduction and medial rotation of it, teres minor: muscle that laterally rotates and extends the arm, thenar eminence: rounded contour of muscle at the base of the thumb, thenar: group of muscles on the lateral aspect of the palm, thyrohyoid: muscle that depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx’s thyroid cartilage, tibialis anterior: muscle located on the lateral surface of the tibia, tibialis posterior: muscle that plantar flexes and inverts the foot, transversospinales: muscles that originate at the transverse processes and insert at the spinous processes of the vertebrae, transversus abdominis: deep layer of the abdomen that has fascicles arranged transversely around the abdomen, trapezius: muscle that stabilizes the upper part of the back, triceps brachii: three-headed muscle that extends the forearm, unipennate: pennate muscle that has fascicles located on one side of the tendon, urogenital triangle: anterior triangle of the perineum that includes the external genitals, vastus intermedius: quadricep muscle that is between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis and is deep to the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis: quadricep muscle on the lateral aspect of the thigh, vastus medialis: quadricep muscle on the medial aspect of the thigh, http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@9.1. 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